“Die vor uns stehenden Umwälzungen der digitalen Transformation sind von historischer Dimension. Sie sind in ihrer Bedeutung vergleichbar mit den Veränderungen im Zeitalter der Aufklärung, die die Grundlage für die Menschenrechte und ein friedlich vereintes Europa legten.”
Mario Birkholz sieht die Hochschulen in der Pflicht, ihre digitale Kommunikation mit den Anfoderungen des demokratischen Gemeinwesens in Einklang zu bringen.
Unmet dependencies continue to prevent available Espanso packages from installing on my machine running Debian 12. Given that I depend on Espanso to expand all kinds of text and wanted to upgrade to the latest version for Wayland, I updated the following instructions and installed from source.
Following these instructions, Espanso 2.2.1 for Wayland will be installed on your system and enabled for the current user.
Side-step any dependency problems by compliling Espanso from source and moving the binary into place.
Install the required C/C++ compiler and some additional tools.
$ sudo apt-get install --yes build-essential curl git wl-clipboard libxkbcommon-dev libdbus-1-dev libwxgtk3.*-dev libssl-dev
Install the required Rust compiler, which is managed by the rustup tool.
$ curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh&&source ~/.bashrc
Press [Enter] to proceed with the installation.
Current installation options: 1) Proceed with instalation (default) 2) Customize installation 3) Cancel installation >
Install cargo-make, which is required during the build process.
$ cargo install --force cargo-make --version 0.34.0
Get the source code by cloning the Espanso repository to the local directory ~/.local/src/espanso.
$ git clone --progress https://github.com/federico-terzi/espanso ~/.local/src/espanso
Compile the Espanso binary as a Wayland-only build in release mode.
$ cargo make --cwd ~/.local/src/espanso --profile release --env NO_X11=true build-binary
Move the resulting binary to the /usr/local/bin directory.
$ sudo mv ~/.local/src/espanso/target/release/espanso /usr/local/bin/
Give Espanso the permissions required for operation.
$ sudo setcap "cap_dac_override+p" $(which espanso)
Check to see if the Espanso binary was installed successfuly.
$ espanso --version
Register Espanso as a systemd service.
$ espanso service register
Launch Espanso.
$ espanso start && espanso status
GNOME desktop only: remove the conflicting default shortcut for activating the window menu.
Settings > Keyboard > Keyboard Shortcuts > View and Customize Shortcuts > Windows > Activate the window menu > [Backspace]
Use [Alt + Space] to open Espanso’s Search bar.
All Done!
Espanso has some known limitations under Wayland. Most notably, “there is currently no support for App-specific configurations”.
Big ‘Thank you’ to Federico Terzi for creating Espanso!
These days, the Wera Zyklop Pocket ratchet is my go-to tool for any kind of bicycle-related maintenance. It is easily small enough to fit in my hip pack and I carry it everywhere I ride. Get a few additonal bits to fit the particular requirements of your bike and you’ve got a fantastic tool that, because of its ergonomic properties, represents a significant step up on any of the traditional multi-tools.
With regards to Tomas.
“Why do people take the path less traveled and choose an operating system based on Linux over the proprietary based ones from Microsoft Windows and also the Apple Mac OS? So welcome to the intriguing world of Linux, an operating system that’s been quietly revolutionising the tech landscape.”
DJ Ware
Stephen Curry is considered the greatest shooter in basketball history. Sabrina Ionescu set the WNBA record for most three-pointers in a single-season and holds the WNBA and NBA records for most points in a 3-point shooting contest. They go head-to-head in the first ever contest of its kind…
A virtual disk image is a block device in a file. There are a number of different disk image formats to choose from when setting up a virtual machine. QEMU Copy On Write version 2 (QCOW2) is the default virtual disk image format for the Quick Emulator (QEMU). Features such as thin provisioning, snapshots and compression make QCOW2 one of the most versatile virtual disk formats available.
In the following example, the overall objective is to shrink and optimise an existing image for random read and write operations. You can also grow disk images using the same approach.
These instructions specifically use Debian 12 with a GNOME desktop as the host, but they should also be applicable to other Linux distributions such as Ubuntu or Linux Mint. The virtual machine in this case is a Windows 10 guest using the NTFS file system.
Shut down the virtual machine and delete all existing snapshots from the image file.
Never modify images currently in use by a running virtual machine.
On the host, install the necessary tools for working with virtual disk images.
$ sudo apt-get install --yes libguestfs-tools gnome-disk-utility
Only root can access the host directory /var/lib/libvirt/images. Use the following command to obtain the necessary privileges.
$ sudo su
Continue by creating a directory in which to keep your virtual machine backups.
# mkdir /var/lib/libvirt/backups
Now create a backup of the virtual machine with the name windows by copying its QCOW2 image file to the backups directory.
# cp /var/lib/libvirt/images/windows.qcow2 /var/lib/libvirt/backups/windows-backup.qcow2
Sparsify the image file to convert any free space within the disk image to free space on the host.
# virt-sparsify --in-place /var/lib/libvirt/images/windows.qcow2
Rename the sparsified image file.
# mv /var/lib/libvirt/images/windows.qcow2 /var/lib/libvirt/images/windows-sparsified.qcow2
Check the disk size of the sparsified image file. The disk size should be smaller than the virtual size. In this particular case, the disk size is 26.7 GiB and the virtual size 64 GiB.
# qemu-img info /var/lib/libvirt/images/windows-sparsified.qcow2
image: /var/lib/libvirt/images/windows-sparsified.qcow2
file format: qcow2
virtual size: 64 GiB (68719476736 bytes)
disk size: 26.7 GiB
cluster_size: 2097152
Format specific information:
compat: 1.1
compression type: zlib
lazy refcounts: false
refcount bits: 16
corrupt: false
extended l2: false
Determine which partition to resize by obtaining more detailed information about the contents of the sparsified disk image.
# virt-filesystems --long -h --all -a /var/lib/libvirt/images/windows-sparsified.qcow2
On the virtual device /dev/sda, the size of the partition /dev/sda2 is 63G. It appears to offer the greatest scope for resizing, as the overall disk size in Step 7 is only 26.7 GiB in total.
Name Type VFS Label MBR Size Parent /dev/sda1 filesystem ntfs System Reserved - 50M - /dev/sda2 filesystem ntfs - - 63G - /dev/sda3 filesystem ntfs - - 530M - /dev/sda1 partition - - 07 50M /dev/sda /dev/sda2 partition - - 07 63G /dev/sda /dev/sda3 partition - - 27 530M /dev/sda /dev/sda device - - - 64G -
Load the network block device (NBD) kernel module.
# modprobe nbd max_part=8
Connect the sparsified image.
# qemu-nbd --connect=/dev/nbd9 /var/lib/libvirt/images/windows-sparsified.qcow2
The partition /dev/sda2 listed in Step 8 is equivalent to /dev/nbd9p2 connected as a network block device. Use GNOME Disks to shrink /dev/nbd9p2 to its Minimal Size.
Use a graphical utility to minimise the risk of introducing errors.
Disconnect the resized image.
# qemu-nbd -d /dev/nbd9
Unload the NBD kernel module.
# modprobe -r nbd
Create a target image larger than the resized source image. In this example, the size of the target image is 32G and its format QCOW2 with full preallocation and a cluster size of 2M.
# qemu-img create -f qcow2 -o preallocation=full -o cluster_size=2M /var/lib/libvirt/images/windows-target.qcow2 32G
Copy the source image to the target image and specify the partition to expand in the process.
# virt-resize --expand /dev/sda2 /var/lib/libvirt/images/windows-sparsified.qcow2 /var/lib/libvirt/images/windows-target.qcow2
Confirm the actual disk size of the target image.
# qemu-img info /var/lib/libvirt/images/windows-target.qcow2
image: /var/lib/libvirt/images/windows-target.qcow2
file format: qcow2
virtual size: 32 GiB (34359738368 bytes)
disk size: 32 GiB
cluster_size: 2097152
Format specific information:
compat: 1.1
compression type: zlib
lazy refcounts: false
refcount bits: 16
corrupt: false
extended l2: false
Obtain detailed information about the contents of the target disk image.
# virt-filesystems --long -h --all -a /var/lib/libvirt/images/windows-target.qcow2
The partition /dev/sda2 of the virtual device /dev/sda is now 31G in size. The overall disk size in Step 16 is now only 32 GiB in total.
Name Type VFS Label MBR Size Parent /dev/sda1 filesystem ntfs System Reserved - 50M - /dev/sda2 filesystem ntfs - - 31G - /dev/sda3 filesystem ntfs - - 530M - /dev/sda1 partition - - 07 50M /dev/sda /dev/sda2 partition - - 07 31G /dev/sda /dev/sda3 partition - - 27 530M /dev/sda /dev/sda device - - - 32G -
Rename the target image file.
# mv /var/lib/libvirt/images/windows-target.qcow2 /var/lib/libvirt/images/windows.qcow2
All done!
You can also modify format specific options for an existing image without having to create a target disk image. Or alternatively expand into a target image that uses a format compatible with other hypervisors, such as RAW, VMDK, VDI, VHD, VHDX or QED.
Ganz großes Dankeschön an Wiebke aus der Schweiz, ohne die ich selber bestimmt nie auf Bummelkasten gekommen wäre!
“If you watched the SEC Twitter account hack that moved markets yesterday and wondered how to prevent account takeover for your personal, business, or high profile social media account, here’s an Account Takeover Prevention Guide for you and/or your organization.” @racheltobac neatly summarises the steps you should take to prevent the hijacking of your online accounts.