Open the URI from the previous dialog in a browser and log into your Microsoft account. You can either [Ctrl + Click] the URI in the terminal or copy and paste it into the address bar of your browser.
Upon successful authentication, you will be redirected to a response URI displaying a blank page. Copy the URI from the address bar of your browser.
Initializing the Synchronization Engine … Syncing changes from OneDrive … Creating local directory: Downloading file … done. Uploading differences of ~/OneDrive Uploading new items of ~/OneDrive
Step 3
After downloading your data to ~/OneDrive, validate the configuration of your client.
“The very worst-case speculative scenario for Huawei-as-Chinese-Trojan-horse is infinitely better than the non-speculative, real ways in which the US has killswitched and bugged the world’s devices.” Cory Doctorow explains why responsible governments should have to accelerate their countries’ independence from US tech and not just Russian gas.
This guide is intended to assist those who are installing Debian for the first time. It maps out a straightforward path to a GNOME desktop with only essential applications pre-installed. Choose from 69830 official Debian packages and tailor the system to your own requirements.
Debian stable is, above all else, focused on the task of maintaining bug-free software packages. It is the reason why Debian, in over 30 years, has gained a reputation for being “like a rock in an ever-swirling sea of updates“. It is also the reason why Debian stable does not keep up with the latest versions.
Universal package formats, such as Flatpak, Snap, or AppImage, are managed separately from conventional packaging systems and thus provide the end-user with added flexibility and choice. They solve the problem of stale distribution packages because newer versions can be installed without compromising the integrity of the underlying core.
Before you begin
In addition to the target computer, you should have reasonably fast Internet. Use an Ethernet cable to connect your device to the network. If your laptop does not have a built-in Ethernet port, look for a Linux-compatible USB to Ethernet adapter, such as the StarTech USB31000S2, TP-Link UE300C or Plugable USB3-E1000.
Veronica explains how to create a bootable USB stick for installing Linux. Depending on your requirements, there are different Debian CD images to choose from. In all likelihood, you are following these instructions to install on x86-64 hardware, for which a netinst CD image amd64 would be the correct choice. It supports Intel as well as AMD processors and “includes non-free firmware for extra support for some awkward hardware”.
In the instructions which follow, yourhostname is used as the hostname and yourusername as the name for the standard user.
In addition to host- and username, choose 1) yourpassphrase as an encryption passphrase to encrypt your storage device with, 2) yourpassword as a password for the standard user account, and 3) rootpassword as a password for the superuser account.
Ensure that all of your data is safely backed up because formatting your storage device will erase all of its data.
After completing the installation, Debian GNU/Linux will be the only operating system on your computer.
After booting the system from the USB stick that you have prepared, continue by selecting the text-based installer.
Step 2
Keep English as the language for the installation.
[!!] Select a language
Language: English
Step 3
Keep United States as the location for your system. This will also set United States as the default locale for the system environment. You will have an opportunity to set additional locales and adjust time zones at a later point during the installation.
[!!] Select your location
Country, territory or area: United States
Step 4
Use the keymap that is right for the layout of your particular keyboard.
[!!] Configure the keyboard
Keymap to use: keymap for your specific keyboard
Step 5
At this point, the installer may prompt you for missing firmware.
[!] Detect network hardware
Some of your hardware needs non-free firmware files to operate. The firmware can be loaded from removable media, such as a USB stick or floppy.
Load missing firmware from removable media?
No
Step 6
You may be asked to select the primary network interface for use during the installation.
Partitioning method: Guided - use entire disk and set up encrypted LVM
Be careful to select the correct target device for your system.
[!!] Partition disks
Select disk to partition: your target disk for installation
Choose to keep all files in one partition.
[!] Partition disks
Partitioning scheme: All files in one partition (recommended for new users)
Now write the changes to disk.
[!!] Partition disks
Write the changes to disk and configure LVM?
Yes
You may cancel the process of overwriting of the disk with random data. Be aware, however, that skipping this step will diminish the quality of the disk encryption.
Step 12
Enter your encryption passphrase.
[!!] Partition disks
Encryption passphrase: yourpassphrase
Continue
Confirm your encryption passphrase.
[!!] Partition disks
Re-enter passphrase to verify: yourpassphrase
Continue
Step 13
Use the available space to partition your disk.
[!!] Partition disks
Amount of volume group to use for guided partitioning: max
Continue
Step 14
Review partitions and mount points suggested by the installer.
[!!] Partition disks
Finish partitioning and write changes to disk
Confirm writing the changes to disk.
[!!] Partition disks
Write the changes to disks?
Yes
Step 15
You may be asked to scan additional installation media.
[!] Configure the package manager
Scan extra installation media?
No
Step 16
Select your archive mirror country from the list.
[!] Configure the package manager
Debian archive mirror country: your country
Select an archive mirror from the list. Use the site that is closest to you.
[!] Configure the package manager
Debian archive mirror: mirror closest to you
Proceed without providing HTTP proxy information.
[!] Configure the package manager
HTTP proxy information (blank for none): leave empty
From within the GNOME desktop, open Firefox ESR by using the shortcut [Super + b] and re-open these instructions at edafe.de/29.
Open a terminal with the shortcut [Super + t] and, where applicable, copy and paste to enter the following commands. Be careful not to miss any punctuation.
Step 30
Set the time zone for your area.
$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
[sudo] password for yourusername: yourpassword
Configuring tzdata
Geographic area: your area
Ok
Step 31
Configure locales for all the languages that your system is going to be used with. Use UTF-8 locales wherever possible.
$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales
In this example, German and Japanese locales are generated in addition to the default United States locale that is used for the system environment.
Keep en_US.UTF-8 as the default locale for the system environment.
Configuring locales
Default locale for the system environment:
en_US.UTF-8
OK
Step 32
The Desktop was disabled in GNOME 3.28. This decision was not universally popular at the time. However, developers pointed to the fact that, as an unmaintained feature, it stood in the way of other improvements. The following command hides the now orphaned Desktop folder from view.
$ echo Desktop >> ~/.hidden
Step 33
Install additonal Debian packages to give you a fully functional GNOME desktop.
$ echo -e '\n# use Fastfetch to display information about the system\nif [ -f /usr/bin/fastfetch ]; then\n clear && fastfetch;\nfi' >> ~/.bashrc && source ~/.bashrc
Step 36
Enable the unattended installation of important upgrades.
$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure unattended-upgrades
Step 37
If in Step 6 you selected a wireless interface as the primary network interface for use during the installation, you will need to re-establish connection to the wireless network after rebooting.
The snap directory in your home folder is not supposed to be accessed manually. Use the following command to hide it from view.
$ echo snap >> ~/.hidden
Step 41
By default, Debian installs the Extended Support Release (ESR) version of Firefox. The ESR receives crash fixes, security fixes and policy updates as needed.
The flatpak, on the other hand, installs the Rapid Release version of Firefox. In contrast to the ESR, the Rapid Release receives major updates at least every four weeks. Both versions can be used concurrently. When installed on your desktop, they are listed as Firefox ESR and Firefox, respectively.
As an option, you may install Firefox Rapid Release and set it as the default browser.
“Why do people take the path less traveled and choose an operating system based on Linux over the proprietary based ones from Microsoft Windows and also the Apple Mac OS? So welcome to the intriguing world of Linux, an operating system that’s been quietly revolutionising the tech landscape.”
“When the N9, running MeeGo received the strongest positive reviews of any Nokia phone ever, the first handset of any brand considered better than the iPhone—what did Elop do? He said that no matter how well the N9 sold, Elop would never allow another MeeGo based device to be sold by Nokia.” Microsoft has just bought Nokia’s handset division for a knockdown price of 5.3 Billion Euros, prompting former Nokia employee Tomi Ahonen to chronicle the decline of this once mighty company since in September 2010 former Microsoft employee Steven Elop became the first non-Finnish director in Nokia’s history.
“OpenOffice.org has an impressive feature set, a generally lucid interface, pure open-source credentials, and the decisive advantage of being absolutely free.” Edward Mendelson reviews OpenOffice.org 3.0.
“In a move to ensure equal access to public information for Norwegian citizens, the government has decided to make the freely accessible document standards HTML, PDF, and ODF obligatory.” Justin Fielding reports on Norway joining countries such as France, Japan and Germany in a drive to make government documents more accessible.
“Windows Vista includes an extensive reworking of core OS elements in order to provide content protection for so-called ‘premium content’.” Peter Gutmann looks at the many ways in which Vista will increase the cost of using computers.
